Start of experiment Heat Essay Example for Free

Start of experiment Heat Essay Prediction I predict that whenever there is a temperature difference , ehat energy will be transferred by conduction, convection or radiation fro the hotter to the cooler place. This increases the internal enrgy , which is the sum of the kinetic energy and the molecular potential energy of each molecule in an object, of the cooler atoms raising the temperature , and dreases the energy of the hotter atoms , lowering theirs. It continues until the temperature is the same across the region. Conductivity or thermal conductivity is a measure of how good a conductor a material is. The rate of heat energy transfer through an object depends on the conductivity of the material and the temperature gradient. Temperature = t2 -t Gradient X t1, t2+ temps at point 1 and 2 X=distance This is the temperature change with distance along the material . The higher the conductivity and the steeper the gradient, the faster the energy transfer. Heat transfer to polystyrene cup Convection is a way in which heat energy is transferred in liquids and gases. If a liquid or a gas is heated it expands, becomes less dense and rises. Cooler, denser liquid or gas then sinks to take its place. Thus convection current is set up. Coastal breezes used to explain convection currents We use leslies cube in my preliminary work to measure radiation, radiation is a way in which heat energy is transferred from a hotter to a cooler place without the medium, ehich is any substance through which a physical effect is transmitted. This can occur through a vacuum unlike the other two forms of heat transfer. Leslies cube is used to compare powers of radiation We did our own test with the Leslie cube in class here are our results. Start of experiment Heat lost during experiment. Matt black 92 degrees 34 degrees 68 degrees 26 degrees Shiny black 92 degrees 32 degrees 68 degrees 23 degrees Shiny white 92 degrees 29 degrees 68 degrees 19 degrees These results sow that the side, which retains the most heat radiation energy, is the shiny white side and then the shiny black and then the matt black. This is why we will be using a shiny white polystyrene cup for the actual and preliminary work. Factors which affect different types of heat flow are, with radiation and conduction the type of material it is trying to transfer its heat energy to. This is because they all have different atom arrangements which affects how well they are able to conduct heat energy, e. g. Metal conduct heat better than stone does. Convection can be affected by what types of material it is convecting through . e. g. Oil would convect differently with water. Different gases would also be differenyt and affect the rate of convection. To help make the table clearer and to finalise the actual test I decided to do some preliminary testing which would help me to understand things like if the cup I am using would work better with or without a lid. Equipment used Polstyrene cup,thermometer, card board lid ( second test only ),kettle , stop watch and measuring cylinder. I measured out 100cm cubed of water , made sure that the thermometer was at the correct temperature therefore making sure that the water was. I used a polystyrene cup with out a lid on in my first test and with a lid on in my second, this was to see if I would get better results with or without it. These are the rwaults which I gained. Heat energy lost Heat energy lost With out lid With out lid With lid With lid 70 degrees and above 25. 5 degrees. Average 21. 33 degrees 18. 0 degrees Average 18. 0 degrees 16. 0 degrees 18. 5 degrees 22. 5 degrees 17. 5 degrees 50 degrees and above 8. 0 degrees Average 17. 25 degrees 10. 0 degrees Average 10. 5 degrees 10 degrees 10. 0 degrees 16. 5 degrees 11 degrees 30 degrees and above 8. 0 degrees Average 7. 33 degrees 5. 5 degrees Average 5. 5 degrees 11. 0 degrees 5. 0 degrees 3. 0 degrees 6. 0 degrees From this chart you can see that without the cardboard lid the results atre very random and this means that the heat is able to fluctuate greatly as you can tell from my results. I have therefore decided to have a lid on the cup as the results with the lid on seem a lot more constant and the heat isnt allowed to fluctuate as much. I suspect that I will find that heat energy will be lost mostly conductivity and convection rather than radiation as I have tried to reduce the effects of this to as little as possible . For my acual test I will change the integers at which heat is lost from e. g. instead of going 70 degrees and above to 50 degrees and above I will try to have exactly 70 degrees and exactly 65degrees, I will then be able to draw more accurate results from this.

Freed Blacks rights after the Civil War Essay -- essays papers

Freed Blacks rights after the Civil War During the year of 1865, after the North’s victory in the Civil War, the Republican Party began to pass national legislation in order to secure free blacks’ rights. Through the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the constitution, the republicans tried to protect and establish black freedoms. At the same time southern state legislators were passing laws to restrict free blacks’ freedoms. Through the use of black codes and vagrancy laws, the south attempted to keep blacks in a state of slavery. These laws were worded in a way such that blacks rights would be so restricted that it would remain impossible for them to gain any real freedom. In one Mississippi black code, the law allowed for blacks to own personal property, but stipulated that free blacks could only rent or lease land, or tenements, within the city limits. This prevented blacks from owning their own farms outside the city. The law was very apparently contradictory to itself in the fact that it stated blacks could own property â€Å"to the same extent that white persons may,† but then set the restrictions on renting and leasing land which only blacks were confined to. The law also required that blacks have a â€Å"lawful home or employment.† This, combined with the previous restrictions on renting and leasing land and housing, ensured that whites would retain control over where Negroes could live. By requiring them to have a home, and then restricting them to renting ... Freed Blacks rights after the Civil War Essay -- essays papers Freed Blacks rights after the Civil War During the year of 1865, after the North’s victory in the Civil War, the Republican Party began to pass national legislation in order to secure free blacks’ rights. Through the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the constitution, the republicans tried to protect and establish black freedoms. At the same time southern state legislators were passing laws to restrict free blacks’ freedoms. Through the use of black codes and vagrancy laws, the south attempted to keep blacks in a state of slavery. These laws were worded in a way such that blacks rights would be so restricted that it would remain impossible for them to gain any real freedom. In one Mississippi black code, the law allowed for blacks to own personal property, but stipulated that free blacks could only rent or lease land, or tenements, within the city limits. This prevented blacks from owning their own farms outside the city. The law was very apparently contradictory to itself in the fact that it stated blacks could own property â€Å"to the same extent that white persons may,† but then set the restrictions on renting and leasing land which only blacks were confined to. The law also required that blacks have a â€Å"lawful home or employment.† This, combined with the previous restrictions on renting and leasing land and housing, ensured that whites would retain control over where Negroes could live. By requiring them to have a home, and then restricting them to renting ...

The beneficial effects of nutrition on exercise performance Essay

Over the past 20 old ages. research has clearly documented the good effects of nutrition on exercising public presentation. There is no uncertainty that what an athlete chows and drinks can impact wellness. organic structure weight and composing. substrate handiness during exercising. recovery clip after exercising. and. finally. exercising public presentation. Carbohydrates are of import to keep blood-glucose degrees during exercising and to replace musculus animal starch. Recommendations for jocks range from 6 to 10 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. The sum required depends upon the athlete’s entire day-to-day energy outgo. type of athletics performed. sex of the jock. and environmental conditions. Protein demands are somewhat increased in extremely active people. Protein recommendations for endurance jocks are 1. 2 to 1. 4 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. whereas those for opposition and strength-trained jocks may be every bit high as 1. 6 to 1. 7 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. Fat is of import in the diets of jocks as it provides energy. fat-soluble vitamins. and indispensable fatty acids. Dehydration decreases exercising public presentation ; therefore. equal fluid before. during. and after exercising is necessary for wellness and optimum public presentation. Athletes should imbibe adequate fluid to equilibrate their fluid losingss. Two hours before exercising 400 to 600 milliliter ( 14 to 22 oz ) of fluid should be consumed. and during exercising 150 to 350 milliliter ( 6 to 12 oz ) of fluid should be consumed every 15 to 20 min depending on tolerance. Before exercising. a repast or bite should supply sufficient fluid to keep hydration. be comparatively low in fat and fibre to ease stomachic emptying and minimise GI hurt. be comparatively high in saccharide to maximise care of blood glucose. be moderate in protein. and be composed of nutrients familiar and good tolerated by the jock. Eating before exercising. as opposed to exerting in the fasting province. has been shown to better public presentation. The size and timing of the pre-exercise repast are interrelated. Because most jocks do non like to vie on a full tummy. smaller repasts should be consumed in closer propinquity to the event to let for stomachic voidance. whereas larger repasts can be consumed if more clip is available earlier exercising or competition. Sums of saccharide used in surveies in which public presentation was enhanced have ranged from about 200 to 300 g saccharide for repasts consumed 3 to 4 H before exercising. Current informations are assorted refering whether the glycemic index of saccharide in the preexercise repast affects public presentation. The saccharide consumed should give chiefly glucose ; fructose entirely is non as effectual and may take to diarrhea. although mixtures of glucose and fructose seem to be effectual. If the same entire sum of saccharide and fluid is ingested. the signifier of saccharide does non look to matter—some jocks may prefer to utilize a athletics drink whereas others may prefer to eat a solid or gel and consume H2O. Presently. the usage and recommendation of ergogenic AIDSs to jocks is controversial. Some wellness attention professionals discourage the usage of all ergogenic AIDSs. though others suggest they be used with cautiousness and merely after careful scrutiny of the merchandise for safety. efficaciousness. authority. and legality. Athletes should non utilize nutritionary ergogenic AIDSs until they have carefully evaluated the merchandise. as indicated above. and discussed the usage of the merchandise with a qualified nutrition or wellness professional.

Ethical Dilemmas in Healthcare - 1032 Words

Running head: ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN THE HEALTHCARE SETTING Ethical Dilemmas in Healthcare Harold Ben Harris Jr. Trident University International BHS365 - Ethics in the Healthcare Setting (Mod 1 - SLP) Charles Spach November 3rd, 2012 Abstract Session Long Project: The goal of the Session Long Project is to identify and evaluate the ethical principles used in resolving ethical dilemmas, and to apply the principles to specific ethical issues that may have professional, sociological, economic, legal, and possible political implications. Tasks for module 1: 1. Identify and explain two ethical issues/dilemmas in healthcare as identified and discussed in the scholarly literature (ProQuest, EBSCO,†¦show more content†¦Additionally this act requires that medical facilities publically report their staffing information as well as protect any whistle-blower who may file a complaint regarding staffing issues. There have been several provisions to this act over the years since its introduction back in 2003 and by continuing to improve this act has proved to save lives secondary to safely staffing nurses, not only in numbers but by experience levels as well. The second dilemma I have chosen to address is inappropriate tasking. One example of inappropriate tasking would be to have new nurse placed in a setting where they are unfamiliar for instance in an emergency setting. When a nurse is placed in an unfamiliar setting the consequential ethical theory of patient care may be solely dependent upon the action or the inactions of a nurse in an unfamiliar setting. Another example of inappropriate tasking would be when a nurse becomes over tasked and they start to inappropriately delegate their duties to a medical assistant whose developmental ethics have not yet matured to the level of the delegating nurse. 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