10 50th Birthday Quotes

The half-century birthday calls for a big celebration. The  50th birthday  heralds the rebirth of a relaxed person who has fulfilled many of his obligations.  Do not count lifes success by benchmarks or years; count the blessings bestowed upon you. Life looks different when it does not saddle you with the responsibilities and ambition you faced earlier. The most important time in your life is now.  When you are ready to walk into the sunset, make sure that you dont look back and wonder why you missed out on all those beautiful moments that came by. Here are the thoughts of various people on the 50th birthday and midlife in general: Joan Rivers: Famously Acerbic American Comedian, Actress, and Producer, 1933-2014 Looking 50  is great if you’re 60. George Orwell:  English Author of  1984 and Animal Farm, 1903-1950 At age 50, everyone has the face he deserves. James A. Garfield: U.S. President, 1831-1881 (Assassinated)   If wrinkles must be written upon our brows, let them not be written upon the heart. The spirit should never grow old. Richard John Needham: Canadian Newspaper Humor Columnist, 1912-1996 The seven ages of man: spills, drills, thrills, bills, ills, pills, and wills. Pablo Picasso: Spanish Painter, Sculptor, Cubism Pioneer, and Author, 1881-1973 The years between 50 and 70 are the hardest. You are always being asked to do things, and yet you are not decrepit enough to turn them down! Jack Benny: American Comedian and Actor, Perennially Age 39, 1894-1974 The old believe everything; the middle-aged suspect everything; the young know everything! Lucille Ball: American Comedian, Actress, and Early Sitcom Star, 1911-1989 Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle! Muhammad Ali: American Boxer and Amateur Philosopher, 1942-2016 The man who views the world at  50 the same as he did at 20 has wasted 30 years of his life. George Bernard Shaw: Irish Playwright of  Pygmalion, 1856-1950 Age is strictly a case of mind over matter. If you dont mind, it doesnt matter! Don Marquis: American Humorist, Novelist, and Playwright, 1878-1937 Middle age is the time when a man is always thinking that in a week or two he will feel as good as ever.

Spain Distribution Channels - 1088 Words

Spain Distribution channels A. Distributing a product * Evolution of the sector The distribution market in Spain is very focussed and specialized.. In 2005, the turnover from retail trade increased to 194 billion Euros which was an increase of 5.6% compared to 2004. Some Autonomous Communities impose restrictions for the establishment of superstores and shopping centers. * Market shares Distribution in Spain is still characterized by a large number of retailers and traditional stores. Retail trade, which employs 3.1 million persons (2007), is seeing its relative influence in the economy decreasing gradually. Its global turnover reached 194 billion Euros (2005) and was achieved by the 646,000 retail businesses that Spain had†¦show more content†¦It is the first port in the Mediterranean in terms of container freight traffic. The second port of the country is port of Barcelona (free zone) which handled 53.6 million tons of goods in 2007 and which is the fourth Mediterranean port for container freight traffic and the first container port of Spain with 3 million TEU. Next comes the port of Valencia (third port of the Mediterranean for container freight traffic) with a total traffic of 51.4 million tons plus 2.6 million TEU. Bilbao and Tarragona are the other important ports. Air freight reprented 86 million tons in 2006. In 2007, Madrid amassed 51% of the 624,000 tons of freight; Barcelona, second airport of Spain: 16%. Inland goods transport is handled 80% by road. Rail traffic accounts for only 4% of the traffic. It is slow, it is not very reliable and the railway network is not well-maintained - these are definitely the causes for poor rail traffic. 95% of Renfes goods transport is by railroad. Trains are especially borrowed by the iron and steel products, mining products, coal, propane and butane. Combined transport of goods (especially combined road and rail transport) is expanding. * Ports State Ports Independent Ports * Airports Spanish Airports and Aerial Navigation * Sea transport organizations Ministry of Transport * Air transport organizations Ministry of Transport * Road transport organizationsShow MoreRelatedProcter Gamble: the Pringles Launch1727 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant share. After the United Kingdom experience, they target for Germany performing tests in Austria which results performs similar to England. Finally, Pamp;G plan was to expand to Southern Europe, where patters were different. They decide to enter Spain and Greece and tests were carried out in Portugal. Results also were encouraging, so they target to enter the Italian market. 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The store proved to be a success in the early 1980s, and Ortega began opening more Zara stores throughout Spain. Global Expansion:It was only in 1988, Zara decided to venture into the international market. This was spurred by Portuguese youths crossing the border into Spain to shop inRead MoreManagement and Zara1507 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary: Zara is an apparel chain owned at operated by the Inditex of Spain. It was founded by Mr. Amancio Ortega Gaona; currently Spains richest man. Zara specializes in fast fashion. At the end of fiscal year 2001 Zara was operating 1,284 stores world wide and had total revenue of €3,250 million. Inditexs headquarters and its major assets are located in the Galacia region of Spain. Inditex also operates five other chains: Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Bershka, Stradivarius and OyshoRead MoreProcter Gamble: the Pringles Launch1733 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant share. After the United Kingdom experience, they target for Germany performing tests in Austria which results performs similar to England. Finally, Pamp;G plan was to expand to Southern Europe, where patters were different. They decide to enter Spain and Greece and tests were carried out in Portugal. Results also were encouraging, so they target to enter the Italian market. Chart 3 – Pringles Market Share in Europe The Italian market was characterized by a lower degree of penetration of saltyRead MoreGlobal Payments, Inc. Has Been In The Merchant Processing1616 Words   |  7 Pagesprincipal facilities in North America are located in Atlanta, Georgia; Jeffersonville, Indiana; Las Vegas, Nevada; Pleasant Grove, Utah; Princeton, New Jersey; and Toronto, Canada. Global Payments principal facilities in Europe are located in Barcelona, Spain; Dublin, Ireland; Leicester, England; London, England; Moscow, Russia; and Prague, Czech Republic. 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It was a small company devoted to manufacturing and selling educational toys. However, due to Mr. Tena made a deal with some Italian colleagues, who only wanted to take advance of his company in order to distribute their own products, the company failed. Nevertheless, in November 1992, after doing a wide marketRead MoreTilting Windmills: Sanex Tries to Conquer Europe1030 Words   |  5 PagesCourse: Marketing Management Case Study: â€Å"Tilting Windmills - Sanex Tries to Conquer Europe 1st Question: What were the reasons for the success of Sanex in Spain? The product Sanex, or moreover the Sanex concept, became a success in Spain because the company responsible for it, CVL, and it’s local President, Mr. Martin Muà ±oz, carried out one of the first rules of Marketing: they invented a Consumer’s need and provided the right answer for it. 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My Resume free essay sample

My glossy black pumps carry me into the reception area. I sit across from the door where someone is waiting to change my future. I open my folder again, as other kids around me have done, and review it one last time. As I take in my resume, my competition mocks me in my mind: these winners of scholarship competitions have probably all garnered national awards for their research projects or are humanitarians who have dined with the president for their documented hours of service. Looking at my resume, I wish I had found some unique way to spend my summers. Remembering them, images come to mind: Jades closemouthed smile, Aniyas tight hug every morning, Skylars attempts to make me dance. As the oldest of five, my desire to work with children is odd, at best. But, when my camp kids come to mind, I am eager for the school year to end so I can return to camp. We will write a custom essay sample on My Resume or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What makes me think twice is the burdens these children carry and what little I can do to ease that. I cant heal all their wounds in just a summer or two. While there are so many lines I cant cross, there are things I can do: I can run with Aniya, play ConnectFour with Curtis, sit with Jade at lunch, giggle with Skylar over my ratty Chucks, and just be there for them during our time together. By the end of my third summer, Skylar, who once put people off with her attitude, had matured to the point where she was helping the younger children with their dance moves for the play. Curtis, who felt he didnt belong at camp because of his size, had made lots of friends. Jade, who at first barely spoke to anyone but her sister, was now explaining to others how to play a game we had created. At the end of that third summer, I cried for the first time at the thought of leaving. Not even during my own years at that  ­playground had I cried. And yet, there I was, patting Jades head, telling her we would all be together again next summer, with my voice cracking and tears blurring my vision. It may have been smarter for me to spend my summers in a way that would further my career and prepare me for the real world. These thoughts creep into my mind as I refocus on my resume and glance at the better-qualified hopefuls sitting around me. Then I remember my kids. I remember the place they have earned in my heart for changing me from a quiet, distant teenager into a strong-willed, compassionate young woman who smiles at every child she meets. These memories let me know that I made the right choice. Life isnt about my resume. It is about who is changed as a result of my actions, big or small. When I decided to work at the playground, my kids and I were all completely and irrevocably changed. â€Å"Stephanie?† I look up and see a woman standing in the doorway of the room where someone is waiting to change my future. I feel the hearts of my summer camp kids lighting a fire in me, making me strong. I stand. â€Å"Thats me.† â€Å"Are you ready for your interview?† I step forward and say, â€Å"Now I am.†

Why is this scene so dramatic Essay Example For Students

Why is this scene so dramatic? Essay In this scene Shakespeare makes Romeo and Juliets situation even more difficult. Why is this scene so dramatic? The play is written about people and how much to interest is in not just the portrayal of the joy and heartache of first love and sexual attraction, but also issues of rising against parents and believing oneself to be misunderstood. Play is full of dramatic irony as the prologue tells the audience what will happen throughout the play. It also explains about the family feud that has been going on throughout generations. We will write a custom essay on Why is this scene so dramatic? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Romeo and Juliet had little stagecraft in those days, they didnt have any special effects so there language had to be powerful. They also had to act a 5 day story line in 2 hours which included murders, secrets, marriages and plotting, making it very dramatic. Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1593, it is considered a Greek tragedy because by the end of the play a number of people are dead. Juliet finds herself in a very difficult situation. She has secretly married Romeo without her parents knowledge. Romeo has killed Tybalt in revenge for the killing of Mercutio. She knows that her parents want her to marry Paris, which she now is really in a weak position. Act 3, scene four is very short: Capulet tells Paris he can marry his daughter Juliet, one of the reasons why Capulet wants Juliet to marry Paris is because he is a wealthy relation of the Prince of Verona, perfect match for Juliet. Time is running out for the star cross lovers. The audience know many things that Capulet dose not like (Juliet is married to Romeo) this is building dramatic irony as well as tension. Act 3 scene 5 starts with Romeo and Juliet talking, after their first and only night together. The audience knows that Juliets father has plans for her and Paris to be married- she doesnt. The audience also know that Juliets mother may come in at any time this adds to the tensions. Romeo knows he needs to get out of there as he says I must be gone and live, or stay and die. Shakespeare is ambiguous here as this could be looked at two meanings as we know Juliets mum is coming or that this might be where Romeo dies. Romeo keeps talking about death; Therefore stay yet, thou needs not to be gone, I have more care to stay than will to go. He also talks about light and dark. Romeo says More light and light, more dark and dark our woes! Mostly everything good happens to Romeo and Juliet in the dark as the first time they saw each other and spend the first night together since they have been married. All of this is dramatic language of love and death combined. Juliet has a feeling that she sees Romeo dead, making the audience wonder if they will ever see each other again. Methinks I see thee now, that art so low, as one death in the bottom of a tomb. Romeo and Juliet are seen in the early hours of Tuesday morning note that the lovers have been together during hours of darkness, as they recently married. When light comes they have to part , and would only reunite in the darkness, this time there is a permanent darkness of death which the audience knew from the prologue. As light came, Juliet was no longer with Romeo, and doesnt know when she will see him again. Lady Capulet talks to her daughter after Romeo has left. She doesnt know how Juliet feels about Romeo and their secret marriage t. .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 , .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .postImageUrl , .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 , .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25:hover , .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25:visited , .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25:active { border:0!important; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25:active , .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25 .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue9127d4b2b26a40c1c82b37e58b23b25:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Blood Brothers Evaluative Phase EssaySo shall you feel the loss, but not the fiend which you weep for? Lady Capulet that is because you traitor murder lives, says Juliet. Juliet tries to convince her mother that she is upset because of Tybalts death. The audience knows she is lying, this is dramatic irony, as are the other references to death in the play and the future. Then her mum tells Juliet that she is to marry Paris. Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn, she then says Shall happily make thee the a joyful bride, she dose not seem to hate her daughter, because she assumes marriage will help her grief. Both parents seem more concerned with pleasing Paris than Juliets happiness. When Capulet comes in he expects his daughter to do exactly what he says both him and Lady Capulet. Juliet is meant to marry Paris because he comes from a wealthy family also it will help her get over Tybalts death. When he discovers that Juliet will not marry Paris, he loses his temper and is very abusive to her Or I will drag three on a hurdle thither. Out, you green sickness carrion! Out, you baggage! You tallow face! At this stage Capulet is in an angry mood but when he leaves the room he is claim again. In the play you will notice that Capulet starts of claim then goes angry Tempest tossed body, this is a metaphor of the way Capulet acts when he loses his tempter, then goes calm again. Capulet is very harsh when he speaks to Juliet, For example he says I tell thee what: get to church a Thursday or never after look me in the face. Capulet is showing control over Juliet he is saying that you are getting married on Thursday, and if you dont then I dont want to know you. Juliets behaviour has changed dramatically since the start of the play, she has become more confident in answering back and disobeying her parents, especially back then it wasnt found upon to misbehave. Juliet is acting as if she just wants to be an adult. I think this is as she has just got married and feels she is older than what she actually is. Although outside Juliet is angry and upset with her parents inside she is feeling guilty and she has dropped herself in it and knows all her parents are doing is try to help. Juliets indecent behaviour started to rapidly increase as the scene progresses. She reaches the highest point when she goes behind her parents back and marries Romeo; this is why Juliet is going to feel guilty as she has to argue with her parents to prevent her marrying Paris. Capulet is protective over his daughter, most likely because she is his only child, he seems to be afraid of how fast shes growing up at the beginning of the play, especially when Paris asks him to marry Juliet; My child is yet a stranger in the world, She hath not seen the change of fourteen years;. Capulet is unwilling to let his only daughter marry so early, but invites Paris to a feast at his mansion that evening. After initially telling his wife to give the news about the wedding to Juliet he goes in after, expecting to see Juliet please, but finds her upset. He offers sympathy to her as she seems upset. How now a Conduit girl? What still in tears? This fatherly comfort soon disappears after he discovers that Juliet refuses to marry Paris. He then begins to start throwing insults at her in a growing rage. He is feeling this way because he as her father is meant to be in complete control, and she is refusing to do as he says is belittling and in his eyes, it makes him less of a man. This is the turning point in the play, where the relationship between Juliet and Lord Capulet has changed because of her love for Romeo; it reflects the theme of the play of a childs relationship and attitude towards their parents, which is still relevant in the 21st Century. Adding to the drama is that the scene is cross-purposing as she seems to always be crying, as an audience we know its mainly about Romeo fleeing but her parents think its about Tybalt dyeing. .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e , .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .postImageUrl , .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e , .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e:hover , .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e:visited , .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e:active { border:0!important; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e:active , .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua372dbad3b67108b767a9e3b864f8e4e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The ways Shakespeare presents the character of Viola in Act One Scenes Two and Four EssayIn Verona there was a masculine society (patriarchal). Where men ruled and were expected to be obeyed. I think Romeo and Juliet were to show that Capulet is a cruel man, and he always wants his own way. The effect this all has on the audience is that they know that Juliet is already married to Romeo, and now that they have see how Capulet is like this makes the audience wonder what she is going to do now?. Juliet is left on her own and has no one to turn to, even the nurse who is look at a mother to Juliet tells her she is spoiled and Capulet is right and that she should marry Paris, but we know the only reason she is doing this is to safe her job, as when she try helping Juliet first, Capulet told her it is not any of her business and tells her to back way if she want to keep her job. As this scene starts to come to an end, Lord Capulet is forcing the wedding and trying to get it done as soon as possible, but at the beginning of the scene when Juliet seems to obey what her father said, he seems quite calm and relaxed about the whole situation. I think the change in attitude is to do with his daughters behaviour and hoping he can get it done before she decided to change her mind again. In conclusion, this scene sheds light on why Juliet is so distanced from her mother. When Juliet expresses her opposition to marrying Paris (and thus defying her parents wishes for a economically beneficial match) Lady Capulet fumes: I would the fool were married to her grave! Juliets mother will offer neither intervention nor consolation for her daughter. This scene also serves to further isolate Juliet from any adult who might give her wise guidance. Even her beloved nurse abandons her; she too advocates marriage to Paris. Juliet feels she has nowhere else to turn other than Friar Lawrence, whose occult-like schemes should be suspect to anyone with sense. The end of the act finds Juliet and Romeo alone in their immature ability to reason. The result is the inevitable tragedy. The story of Romeo and Juliet offers a lot of lesson to be learned and as a result of the death of Romeo and Juliet the two families of Capulet and Montague are brought back to living harmoniously.

Theory Definition in Science

Theory Definition in Science The definition of a theory in science is very different from the everyday usage of the word. In fact, its usually called a scientific theory to clarify the distinction. In the context of science, a theory is a well-established explanation for scientific data. Theories typically cannot be proven, but they can become established if they are tested by several different scientific investigators. A theory can be disproven by a single contrary result. Key Takeaways: Scientific Theory In science, a theory is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method.In common usage, the word theory means something very different. It could refer to a speculative guess.Scientific theories are testable and falsifiable. That is, its possible a theory might be disproven.Examples of theories include the theory of relativity and the theory of evolution. Examples There are many different examples of scientific theories in different disciplines. Examples include: Physics: the big bang theory, atomic theory, theory of relativity, quantum field theoryBiology: the theory of evolution, cell theory, dual inheritance theoryChemistry: the kinetic theory of gases, valence bond theory, Lewis theory, molecular orbital theoryGeology: plate tectonics theoryClimatology: climate change theory Key Criteria for a Theory There are certain criteria which must be fulfilled for a description to be a theory. A theory is not simply any description that can be used to make predictions! A theory must do all of the following: It must be well-supported by many independent pieces of evidence.It must be falsifiable. In other words, it must be possible to test a theory at some point.It must be consistent with existing experimental results and able to predict outcomes at least as accurately as any existing theories. Some theories may be adapted or changed over time to better explain and predict behavior. A good theory can be used to predict natural events that have not occurred yet or have yet to be observed. Value of Disproven Theories Over time, some theories have been shown to be incorrect. However, not all discarded theories are useless. For example, we now know Newtonian mechanics is incorrect under conditions approaching the speed of light and in certain frames of reference. The theory of relativity was proposed to better explain mechanics. Yet, at ordinary speeds, Newtonian mechanics accurately explains and predicts real-world behavior. Its equations are much easier to work with, so Newtonian mechanics remains in use for general physics. In chemistry, there are many different theories of acids and bases. They involve different explanations for how acids and bases work (e.g., hydrogen ion transfer, proton transfer, electron transfer). Some theories, which are known to be incorrect under certain conditions, remain useful in predicting chemical behavior and making calculations. Theory vs. Law Both scientific theories and scientific laws are the result of testing hypotheses via the scientific method. Both theories and laws may be used to make predictions about natural behavior. However, theories explain why something works, while laws simply describe behavior under given conditions. Theories do not change into laws; laws do not change into theories. Both laws and theories may be falsified but contrary evidence. Theory vs. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a proposition which requires testing. Theories are the result of many tested hypotheses. Theory vs Fact While theories are well-supported and may be true, they are not the same as facts. Facts are irrefutable, while a contrary result may disprove a theory. Theory vs. Model Models and theories share common elements, but a theory both describes and explains while a model simply describes. Both models and theory may be used to make predictions and develop hypotheses. Sources Frigg, Roman (2006). Scientific Representation and the Semantic View of Theories. Theoria. 55 (2): 183–206.  Halvorson, Hans (2012). What Scientific Theories Could Not Be. Philosophy of Science. 79 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1086/664745McComas, William F. (December 30, 2013). The Language of Science Education: An Expanded Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts in Science Teaching and Learning. Springer Science Business Media. ISBN 978-94-6209-497-0.National Academy of Sciences (US) (1999). Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences (2nd ed.). National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/6024 ISBN 978-0-309-06406-4.  Suppe, Frederick (1998). Understanding Scientific Theories: An Assessment of Developments, 1969–1998. Philosophy of Science. 67: S102–S115. doi:10.1086/392812

vanishing twin essays

vanishing twin essays The Vanishing Twin Syndrome happens when one of the twin fetuses disappears from the mothers womb while she is pregnant, which usually result in a single birth. What actually happens to the fetus is that it spontaneously aborts normally during the first trimester and the fetal tissues is absorbed by either the other twin, the placenta, or the mother, which makes the fetus looks like it has vanished. Since there isnt really a clear cause for most miscarriages there are also not always reasons or explanations for one of the fetus to spontaneously abort. In some situations the fetus may have some type of chromosomal or placental abnormalities, which may cause it to abort. A problem with the umbilical implantation may also play a role in VTS. Scientists studies have shown that 1 in 8 people start their life with a twin but only 1in 70 actually become a twin. Studies have also shown that 80% of twin pregnancies result in the lost of one or both of the babies. Even though the loss of a ba by for a multiple pregnancy is high the Vanishing Twin Syndrome occurs in 21-30% of multiple pregnancies. In the recent years there has been more incidences of the Vanishing Twin Syndrome not because it wasnt happening so much before but because of the fact that modern technogly has advanced which allows it to detect more of these cases. In the past, many women experienced Vanishing Twin Syndrome without ever knowing it. When this syndrome occurs in pregnant women the mother may not have any symptoms at all but if they do they may have mild cramping, bleeding or pelvic discomfort. In most cases when the fetus has aborted, neither the mother nor the remaining parts of the fetus receives any kind of medical treatment. If VTS occurs in the first trimester the mother would go on as usually and deliver the other baby. However in some cases the fetus may die in the second or third trimester and the surviving baby may develop ce ...

How social media affect out personal behaviour Annotated Bibliography

How social media affect out personal behaviour - Annotated Bibliography Example The publication analyzes the effect of the information technology provides an opportunity to change peoples’ and organization’s decision-making behaviour. Groups and organizations also make use of technology to enhance their decision-making, especially through the social media. The technologies may have a positive or negative effect on the users regarding the effectiveness of the decisions made through the social media. For example, organization managers may make marketing changes, which in turn results to poor decisions by the consumers of their commodities. Over reliance on the social media rather than the employing the experts opinion and facts have the possibility of making biased decisions. The article gives an overview of the impact of the social media and the Web 2.0 on how organizations, individuals, and groups make decisions regarding their ventures. The authors interact with other published work by analyzing various impacts of the social media on decision-making and the consequences of using the information on the social networks. The other ideas related to social media, such as blogging, video sharing through the YouTube, and Skype among others enrich the authors’ information on the importance of the social media in decision-making. The main purpose of the publication is to educate and enlighten everybody, who views the internet on the importance of using the social sites for management reasons other than entertainment and socializing. The article clearly uses clear demonstrations to evaluate the importance of social media and several examples of the social media platform to enhance the clarity of the contents. The article is about psychological behaviours related to the social media published by Knowledge and Information Systems and addresses behaviours on the social media. The purpose of the article is to study the important world

Testing And Commissioning In HVAC Practices In Hong Kong Dissertation

Testing And Commissioning In HVAC Practices In Hong Kong - Dissertation Example A set of Commissioning Specifications which includes the divisions that describe the BCS document as a common requirement should be drafted by the HKBCA to curb the deficiency of practical standard. It should also concentrate on after services such as the electrical and HVAC systems. So as to handle the BCx role effectively, there will be the issuance of inspection forms and a number of checklists to certified persons. In America and the United Kingdom, BCx education and training is provided in schools, research, and development organizations, whereas in Hong Kong it is not prominent. The dissertation recommends that Hong Kong should consider prominently providing the same to schools, research, and development organization. The private sectors do not address commissioning as their main objective and there has never been a clear cooperation at different phases of commissioning between the private sector and the government in the formulation, planning, and implementation of the project s. This dissertation also suggests that there should be a clear cooperation at different phases of commissioning between the private sector and the Hong Kong government as far as the formulation, planning, and implementation of the projects is concerned. The training on the BC document is offered in academic institutions but the students are unable to fully apprehend the process because it is not exhaustive enough. There should be the amalgamation between the integration of the BCx with other building control procedures.

Thyroid Cancer in Women Essay Example for Free

Thyroid Cancer in Women Essay Introduction Thyroid cancer is admittedly the commonest endocrine malignancy often detected among young patients and frequently among the women. In most populations, the median age of its detection tends to be quite low, actually below 40 in most cases. It is currently the fastest growing cancers among women. Despite the fact that the cancer is still quite rare, it continues to be increasingly on the rise among women across the globe and especially pregnant women. Most experts are not quite certain on the causes despite the fact that they have been able to identify the risk factors at play. Essentially, there are four main types of thyroid cancer: Follicular, papillary, medullary and anaplastic. Papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are jointly referred to as differentiated thyroid cancer since their prognosis is more favorable relative to the other types. Among most young women, their pregnancy periods are usually accompanied with differentiated thyroid cancer. The management of this type of cancer poses risks due to the concerns of maternal and fetal health. With most women experiencing rises in differentiated thyroid cancer during pregnancy with a prevalence rate of 14 per 100,000, it has become necessary to discern the management of the ailment (Smith, Danielsen, Allen Cress, 2003) Literature review Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a higher incident among women within  their reproductive ages. It has long been speculated that the association between human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), estrogen and DTC exists. Numerous studies have pointed out an association between high parity and the risk of DTC in pregnant women (Kravdal, Glattre, Haldorsen, 1991). However, the data on the association between DTC and estrogen seem to be gravely inconsistent with some studies indicating a pro-proliferative effect on the thyroid cancer cell lines occasioned with estrogen while other studies point at estrogens stimulatory effect on the adenomatous and normal thyroid only (Lee et al., 2005) Clinical data also conflicts; one study revealed a high risk of DTC infection among women exposed to oral contraceptives containing estrogen with another reporting no association between DTC and usage of exogenous hormones Data on the effect of HCG on DTC tends to be very discordant and non confirmatory. Despite the fact that rising levels of HCG during pregnancy tends to stimulate the production of thyroid hormones, there has not been any coherent evidence that links HCG and DTC. On the basis of women cohort using fertility drugs for treatment, there was no association observed between use of HCG and DTC. Simply put, according to available epidemiologic data, high parity and the risk to DTC are associated; but there is still some lack of clarity with regard to outcomes of DTC diagnosed at pregnancy (Mack, Preston-Martin, Bernstein, Qian, Xiang, 1999). As a result of the overt female to male ratio in the incidence of thyroid cancer, particularly the differentiated cancers, within their reproductive years, epidemiological studies have seriously focused on the role of reproductive exposures among women. Most studies have generally come up with findings that concur with the role of reproductive exposures. There is a minimal contribution of reproductive factors in the etiology and development of thyroid cancer among women. In fact, several case control studies have revealed increased risk with abortion or miscarriage, particularly during the first pregnancy (McTiernan Weiss Daling, 1987). Arguably, this is one of the most recognized reproductive risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer among women. There is an elevated risk of developing thyroid cancer among women who use lactation suppressants and this risk seems to increase with the number of pregnancies in which the suppressants are used (McTiernan, Weiss Daling, 1984). Risk factors for thyroid cancer A risk factor refers to anything that plays a role in influencing a person’s chance of contracting a particular disease. Admittedly, there are several risk factors behind any particular cancer. It must however be emphasized that risk factors do not tell everything, rather, they illuminate, to a less degree, the probable cause of the disease. It must also be asserted that the absence of a risk factor does not absolve one from contracting a particular cancer. Experts have also come to the conclusion that having one or several risk factors increases the chances of one contracting the cancer. In the case of thyroid cancer, there are a number of risk factors that have been reported and they will be discussed below. Gender and age have been noted to be among the leading risk factors of thyroid cancer. Globally, women are three times likely to be affected by thyroid cancer compared with their male counterparts. On the issue of age, thyroid cancer can develop at any particular age. However, two thirds of the cancer cases are more prevalent between ages 20 and 55.On the other hand, anaplastic thyroid cancer tends to be diagnosed after 60 year of age (Braunstein, 2011). Exposure to radiation has scientifically been proven to be a risk factor in the development of thyroid cancer. The main sources of the radiations could emanate from medical treatments, nuclear weapons and fallouts from power plant accidents. Moderate levels of exposure to radiations increase the risks of follicular and papillary cancer. Such sources include: †¢ Low to moderate doses of x- ray treatments that were used to treat children with tonsils, acne ad other head and neck pains †¢ Persons who have received radiation therapy for lymphoma in the head and neck are more inclined to develop follicular and papillary cancer. †¢ Early exposure to radioactive iodine especially at childhood increases the risk of contracting follicular and papillary cancers. There are certain types of thyroid cancer that are normally associated with genes. Actually, 20% of patients suffering from medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) tend to possess an abnormal gene that facilitates the development of the disease (Cooper et al, 2009). The gene is usually passed to offspring. The thyroid cancer that emanates from genetic abnormality is referred to as familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. In the case of papillary thyroid cancer, there is some element of heredity but the genetic basis hasn’t been established. Intake of dietary iodine is a leading environmental influence of thyroid cancer prevalence in particular. Follicular thyroid cancers tend to be more prevalent in geographic locations with low iodine in diets. In the United States, there is adequate iodine as it is normally added in diets. Diets low in iodine may increase to incidence of papillary thyroid cancer when the victim is also exposed to some radioactivity. Management of thyroid cancer Approximately 10% of thyroid cancer cases that occur in the reproductive years of most women tend to be detected during pregnancy or early in their post- partum period (Cooper et al, 2009). In the case of a pregnant woman, treatment and subsequent follow-up tend to be similar to the non pregnant women save for the prescription and use of radioactive iodine. There are certain differences in the manner in which differentiated thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer are treated. However, the most important considerations in the treatment of thyroid cancer in pregnant women must entail: †¢ Effect of the cancer on the pregnancy †¢ Effect of the pregnancy on the cancer †¢ Effects of the management modalities on the outcome of the pregnancy Managing DTC during pregnancy will mainly fall between two scenarios: The first entails women diagnosed from the beginning during pregnancy while the other one will include women who had previously been infected who have now become pregnant or are anticipating pregnancy. Each of the groups brings with it peculiar therapeutic challenges that demand for a clinical approach guided by the disease stage, preferences of the patient and the particular stage of the pregnancy. Thyroid surgery at pregnancy There is no objective consensus on the ideal timing of surgery for DTC women in labor. Generally, individualized decisions tend to be based on the wishes of the patient and other risk factors. However, in the event that a surgery has to be performed as a result of a large tumor or even the patient’s concern then it is better performed during the second trimester of the pregnancy to reduce the risk of abortion that is bound to occur if the surgery is performed in the first trimester. In case there is no life threatening risk, then it is recommended that the surgery be done after delivery (Cooper et al, 2009). Radioiodine therapy during pregnancy This therapy is usually contraindicated at pregnancy since it exposes the fetus to highly radioactive elements that may impair its normal development. Therefore, women scheduled for this therapy must exclude their pregnancy phase. Postpartum radioiodine therapy must be deferred for 6-8 weeks after breastfeeding has stopped. Thyroid hormone replacement and pregnancy Such a therapy must commence with some pre- pregnancy counseling on the importance of undertaking frequent thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and of adjusting dosage. Personal refection Admittedly, the numerous incidents of DTC among women and in particular pregnant women have become issues of great concern. Despite the numerous research that has been undertaken on the topic, none has concretely provided the main reason why women continue to be victims of the disease. Nonetheless, if women will be screened early before reaching their prime years, the chances of being treated of the diseases are high and as such the development of the fetus will not be hampered. Additionally, despite the fact that certain risk factors are beyond our control, the ones under human control, such as iodine presence in diets, ought to be addressed and enforced. Conclusion There is no doubt whatsoever that the incidents of thyroid cancer are on the rise and especially among women. The data that has been adopted in the research is indeed suggestive despite the fact that it fails to fully convince. It must be admitted that mankind, despite making several advancements in medical technology, has contributed to enhancement of thyroid malignancy by adopting therapeutic radiations as well as nuclear fission. Hence, the resulting high thyroid cancer prevalence has been buoyed by genetic mutation, environmental carcinogens and autoimmune phenomena. With proper clinical attendance, thyroid cancer can be properly managed with exposing the mother or the fetus to any danger. It is therefore recommended that women should always be screened early in life and regularly to avoid the compromising situations that the find themselves in whenever they are pregnant. References Braunstein, G. (2011).Thyroid Cancer. Boston: Springer. D. S. Cooper, G. M. Doherty, B. R. Haugen et al.(2009).Revised American thyroid association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 19 (11), 1167–1214, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19860577 M. L. Lee, G. G. Chen, A. C. Vlantis, G. M. K. Tse, B. C. H. Leung, and C. A. Van Hasselt(2005).Induction of thyroid papillary carcinoma cell proliferation by estrogen is associated with an altered expression of Bcl-xL. Cancer Journal, 11(2), 113–121.Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Induction%20of%20thyroid%20papillary%20carcinoma%20cell%20proliferation%20by%20estrogen%20is%20associated%20with%20an%20altered%20expression%20of%20Bcl-xL. McTiernan A. M., Weiss N. S., Daling J. R. (1984). Incidence of thyroid cancer in women in relation to reproductive and hormonal factors. Am. J. Epidemiology., 120: 423-435.Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/120/3/423 McTiernan A., Weiss N. S., Daling J. R. (1987). Incidence of thyroid cancer in women in relation to known or suspected risk factors for breast cancer. Cancer Res., 47: 292-295.Retrieved on September 24, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3791213 O. Kravdal, E. Glattre, and T. Haldorsen. (1991).Positive correlation between parity and incidence of thyroid cancer: new evidence based on complete Norwegian birth cohorts. International Journal of Cancer, 49(6) 831–836.Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1959987 Smith, L., Danielsen, B., Allen, M., Cress, R. (2003). Cancer associated with obstetric delivery: results of linkage with the California cancer registry. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189(4), 1128-1135. Retrieved September 24, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14586366 W. J. Mack, S. Preston-Martin, L. Bernstein, D. Qian, and M. Xiang (1999).Reproductive and hormonal risk factors for thyroid cancer in Los Angeles County females. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, (8)11, 991–997.Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Reproductive%20and%20hormonal%20risk%20factors%20for%20thyroid%20cancer%20in%20Los%20Angeles%20County%20females

E-Commerce Makes Life Better ! Essay -- E-Commerce Internet

E-Commerce Makes Life Better ! E-commerce means that the company runs their business online, not like the traditional business way. We have to go the shopping mall or store to get goods that we need, E-Business is the enabling of electronic communication between any two or more participants in a business relationship. It helps companies capture abroad business field, cost saving, and market opportunity. E-commerce is an important factor that is making people’s lives more efficient. This is the report according to the survey I did in IUP. Seven out of ten people say they prefer to buy goods from e-commerce. The reason is they said that it is convenient and time saving. According to the survey most of them agree that the service is fast. For an example, the delivery is fast. If you purchase something from e-commerce you will get the stuff within two weeks time. Beside that, the price is slightly cheaper than those goods in the shopping mall. But it depends on season, if you buy goods during the clearance season, such as New Year sale, summer sale or winter sales goods in the shopping mall probably will be cheaper than goods that offer in the e-commerce. Seven out of ten people prefer market form, which mean that you know the price and information. You can buy it on the spot. So it saves time compared to bid form. If you choose bid form to buy things, most of the time you can get it cheaper but it take a longer time. And you can’t confirm that you will get the product. So that the reason why most of them choose market form. In addition, the product quality more or less the same as the product in the shopping center. For the security aspect. I had to interview a girl. He... ...sides that, you also can learn other things from e-commerce. Such as we can learn more about the business cycle, and what consumer needs. So you know what kind of product that is suitable in that period of time. For an example, remote-control car and cameras are the best product to sell during the summer, because most of the people like to do outdoor activities, so that kind of product is easy to sell. In conclusion, e-commerce makes our life much more easier, because it saves time, we can get our goods with in a short period of time, other than that it connects to businesses around the world, we can buy goods that we can’t get from the local market. The last thing we also can get goods that are not available in the shopping mall and with the cheaper price. As I know, using e-commerce to shop online is the right choice for because it is so convenient.

Analysis of the short story Essay

`This essay will discuss certain reaction to the story ‘Examination day’, as well as reviewing the lifestyle and world Dickie lives in. The Jordan family are not rich but they are part of the working class society. The accommodation is quite small, they’re ‘little apartment’ is described in line 21: ‘The boy †¦ wandered to that part of the living room which had been ‘his’ from infancy. ’ This shows that things have not changed in terms of housing since he was young and probably their wealth has not increased as much as they would have liked. In the ‘little apartment’ Mrs Jordan mentioned ‘the Exam’ which was why the tension was quite high in the room. ‘The Exam’ is the ‘Government intelligence test they give to children at the age of twelve. ’ This examination was to make sure that there is no-one clever enough to overrule the current government. This test shows an example of what a dictator ruled government is like. This government is a totalitarian government in terms of not wanting to lose power or authority of any sort. These citizens are stuck in an unwanted dictatorship. The examination room was just as restricted as the lives they lead. The room was very dim which represents amount of information they know about the world and their current government. Also in Dickie’s eyes the room doesn’t look very inviting or welcoming even if it was an examination room. Although Dickie could not really see the ‘gray-tunicked attendant’ he knew that this was a very serious matter. The dimness of the room also shows the secretiveness of the government and how much they want their citizens to know. On the day of Dickie’s examination his parents’ were very anxious to see whether or not their son was allowed to come home or not; there were ‘†¦ not speaking, not even speculating. ’ They were so apprehensive that when the phone rang they both tried to reach for it. This shows that they had a feeling that things were not going to work out perfectly for them. When Mr Jordan answered the phone to the ‘Government Educational Service’ he was told that his son’s ‘†¦intelligence quotient has exceeded the Government regulation. ’ This information was a shock to Mr Jordan that even his wife had read the expression of disappointment on his face. The government had announced that Dickie was going to die because he had breached the ‘intelligence quotient’. This shows that the government are too scared to let the clever people live their own lives or even work for them at their young age. This shows that the dictator is not as strong as he portrays himself to be. This shows that he is insecure and that if anyone clever was around he would probably crumble from having lack of authority. I think that the Jordan family live in a completely totalitarian world where they have no freedom to do what they like when they feel like it; unless they are in their own home. Their dictator is too worried about anyone overruling him; he feels the need to get rid all of the clever citizens to be secure in his position. This shows that this dictator is too unsecure to be head of the government. He needs to step aside and let someone else do the job properly.

Business primary motive Essay

1a)Every business’ primary motive is to make profit. Here, the question is whether a company or a business should give up its economic advantage at the time of the crisis? Does anything change at the time of the crisis for a business? According to me, yes. Though every business aims to make profits, they have a social responsibility of helping the society, reaching out to it’s community people and to give back to society at times of crisis. Coming to the case of Bayer, Canada and the US were facing shortage of the ‘Cipra’ drug and Bayer should have let their profits go and helped the governments by providing the drug. Companies should follow humanist theories during times of national crisis. But we also see that Bayer was able to fulfill the orders and need for the drugs at all times. Though, Bayer have a social responsibility, it was uncalled for Canada and US to suspend the Patent rights. What ethical norm is central to the court’s decision in this case? 2. What fact seems especially powerful in shaping the court’s reasoning? 3. What reasons does the court provide for upholding the respondent’s disbarment? 4. Outline the reasons why Egil Krogh, Jr., believed he should not be disbarred by the disciplinary board of the State of California. 1b)Though the governments always have the power to take decisions such as these – impacting the patent law, there are regulations which they have to follow. Government should take these extreme measures if and only if it results in a major loss or causes health hazards to its citizens. Government should take such measures as a last resort, because they set the tone. If the government and the lawmakers themselves stop following the rules, then it is foolish to expect the civil society to maintain law and order in the society as the saying goes † As the ruler, so the ruled†. In this case, if the government had impacted the patent rights in some way, Bayer had a solid ground to take legal action against the infringement. They had enough sales in the previous year, they had fulfilled the orders and  requirements of the drugs in an efficient manner. â€Å"35 U.S. Code  § 296  ­ Liability of States, instrumentalities of States, and State officials for infringement of patents a) In General.— Any State, any instrumentality of a State, and any officer or employee of a State or instrumentality of a State acting in his official capacity, shall not be immune, under the eleventh amendment of the Constitution of the United States or under any other doctrine of sovereign immunity, from suit in Federal court by any person, including any governmental or nongovernmental entity, for infringement of a patent under section 271, or for any other violation under this title. (b) Remedies.— In a suit described in subsection (a) for a violation described in that subsection, remedies (including remedies both at law and in equity) are available for the violation to the same extent as such remedies are available for such a violation in a suit against any private entity. Such remedies include damages, interest, costs, and treble damag es under section 284, attorney fees under section 285, and the additional remedy for infringement of design patents under section 289.†

The Most Popular Argumentative Essay Topics of 2017 The List

The Most Popular Argumentative Essay Topics of 2017 The List Top-50 topics you would love to work on PLUS useful tips on writing a flawless argumentative essay. As you may already know, an argumentative essay is a writing genre where the student establishes a position on a given or chosen topic and then uses evidence to persuade the audience to see things from his/her point of view. To write a great argumentative essay, the student first has to investigate several sides of the argument, which allows making an educated stance. Then, one has to collect evidence, including facts, statistics, and claims from experts in the topic’s field. Generally, the primary objective of writing an argumentative essay is to learn how to convince people to change their mind about things which many of them are pretty sure about. What Substitutes a Good Argumentative Essay Topic? When you are asked to choose a good topic for your argument, start with something you are familiar with. Even if you hire a professional writer to help you with this assignment, speaking about something you know will be a much better sounding presentation of your arguments. Choosing an emotional topic is also a good idea. Appealing to the readers’ emotions connects them to the side of the writer and draws them in. One of the best ways to change anyone’s mind is with an emotional investment. Pick Your Favorite Topic or Get Your Essay Done For You We offer a great list of topics for writing your argumentative essay. Did you also know you can get your essay written for a small fee? We employ hundreds of professional writers who specialize in essay, dissertation and research writing. They have written hundreds of academic papers for students worldwide. Therefore, we know how to write a perfect custom-written argumentative essay that will meet your requirements and help get you the grade you want. Contact us now to request professional essay writing help! If you want to write the paper on your own, take a look at the full list of argumentative essay topics along with the samples below: Middle/High School-Level Argumentative Essay Topics   Should teenagers be required to get their parents’ permission to obtain contraceptives?   Should the number of passengers be limited in cars driven by minors?   Should high school education be mandatory? College-Level Argumentative Essay Topics When is military force justified? Should parents hold responsibility for the crimes of their children? Should academic achievement be a primary consideration for college admission? Argumentative Topics to Avoid Is our political process fair? Do athletes make too much money? Can science go too far? Funny Argumentative Essay Topics Should you believe every word in an infomercial? Should funny cat videos be allowed on YouTube? What is the worst song in the world? Classic Argumentative Essay Topics Computer games harm individuals Sex education is the only way to eliminate many issues, including teenage pregnancy Are abortions legal? Arguments on Bioethics Is the use of animals for research purposes justified? Cloning should be banned Arguments on Issues in the IT Area Some of Google services raise privacy and security concerns for people Download sites violate copyright rules Should YouTube comments be regulated? The Internet has been overly commercialized. Agree or disagree?   Argumentative Topics for Legal Discussions Is gun control an effective method of reducing crime? Is the death penalty justified?   Do you believe euthanasia (assisted suicide) is right?   The book â€Å"Twelve Angry Men† represents democracy with its flaws Should same-sex marriages be made legal? Torture is never justified Smoking in public places should be banned Society is becoming over-regulated Legalization of marijuana in some states is wrong Production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal Argumentative Topics on Social Concerns Cross-cultural marriages contribute to racial tolerance Single-parent children behaviour is different than that of children with both parents Women are less engaged in criminal activity than men Young people are predisposed to negative influence because they are more rebellious by nature Violence in the media destroys children Sexual content on TV harms teenagers Homeschooling is an ideal way to obtain a quality education Ecological Issues Forests are the lungs of the Earth. Should rainforests destruction be prohibited? Should countries drill for oil in protected areas to reduce gas prices? Global warming is a myth   To what extent are electric cars a solution to global pollution? Society and the Media Media influences the female perception of the body image. Agree or disagree. Violent video games directly correlate to violence in schools. Agree or disagree. Other Topics Should cities preserve old buildings? Diets don’t help to lose weight Financial rewards are the only way to gain employee`s loyalty Life-long learning is no longer required for career success Correspondence Theory of Truth appears to be plausible and defendable Dokdo islands are Korean property and should not be claimed by Japan Ghost hunting is pure fiction Now, once you have chosen a good topic from the list, try to lay down your thoughts on your screen or paper. Here are some tips on how to do it properly: Adhering to the above structure of an argumentative essay will keep your creative process together: The first paragraph offers a brief review of the topic, explains its importance, and shares the essay’s clear and concise thesis statement. After the introduction come the body paragraphs, in which the writer develops his/her arguments and supports them with valid and reliable evidence. The support should be anecdotal, logical, statistical, or factual, depending on the essay’s topic. Following the argument paragraphs, the writer shares the opposing views. Ending the paragraph is the conclusion. This paragraph is quite important since it leaves the reader with the most immediate impression. The writer should synthesize the information shared in the body of the essay, as they restate the topic’s importance, review main points, as well as review the thesis. No new information should be shared in the conclusion. Here is another cool tip to make your arguments sound stronger: use connection words! How To Use Connection Words While Writing an Argumentative Essay? Transition or connection words and phrases hold your essay together. They provide flow as they connect thoughts and ideas. Function Connection Word Addition additionally; also; and; as a matter of fact; as well as; equally; equally important; furthermore; identically; in addition; in the first place; like; likewise; not only†¦but also; not to mention; similarly; together with; too Contrast above all; after all; albeit; although; although this may be true; as much as; be that it may; besides; but; conversely; despite; different from; even so/though; however; in contrast; in reality; in spite of; nevertheless; nonetheless; notwithstanding; of course†¦, but; on the contrary; on the other hand; or; otherwise; rather; Cause or Purpose as; as/so long as; because of; due to; for fear that; for the purpose of; given that; granted (that); if†¦then; in case; in view of; in order to; in the event that; in the hope that; lest; only/even if; owing to; provided that; seeing/being that; since; so as to; so that; unless; when; whenever; while; with this in mind Examples or Support another key point; as an illustration; by all means; chiefly; especially; for example; for instance; for this reason; in fact; in other words; notably; specifically; surprisingly; to point out; truly Consequence or Result accordingly; as a result; because the; consequently; due to; for; for this reason; hence; in effect; in that case; since; so that; therefore; with the result that Conclusion / Summary / Restatement after all; all things considered; as a result; as can be seen; as shown above; consequently; for the most part; generally speaking; given these points; in conclusion; in fact; to summarize; How Is This Information Going to Help Me Write My Essay? Writing a good argumentative essay develops your argumentative thinking. It is a useful skill that you will need in your life not only to survive among your peers today but also to have a successful future in general. Most of the businesses and partnerships prosper through argument. Getting the right arguments will help you prove your point and win. The intellect rules the modern world. Those who stay focused on becoming stronger in chosen profession win. It requires no distraction on things of little importance. To succeed, you need to stay focused on what you feel is right for you and what you are willing to devote your life to. And it should take up most of your time. Seriously. The more research you can do to get better at your future profession, the better. Our professional ghostwriting company has been writing papers for students since 2005. You are welcome to use our essay writing service as a helpful tool for your career success strategy. Here is a fun fact: Most of the world-known geniuses are college drop-outs. They were too focused on what mattered to them most and couldn’t get their homework done on time. However, it is a bad example to follow. No matter if you run a successful business, have a busy job, need to visit your family or have an emergency – failing your module is a horrible possibility. That is why our writers are here to help you 24/7. If Mark Zuckerberg or Bill Gates knew about our service, we bet they could have gotten their degree on time and without problems.

Free Essays on The Burden Of Proof

â€Å"burden of proof† are not specifically mentioned within the U.S. Constitution however is implied in a several amendments. The burden of proof and where it lies has been the subject of many court cases and decisions. There are plenty of questions in the area of burden such as; where does it lie in civil suits, in what cases is the prosecutor bear more of the burden and where does the defendant, and so on. Many of the research provided here is from court cases and decisions that have shaped how the burden of proof is balanced. The constitution is used to shape the decisions that were reached by these court cases. In the Fourth amendment Americans are guaranteed to â€Å"†¦ be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (U.S. Constitution). There are a number of court cases that outline the requirements for searches without a warrant. Searches without a warrant require the owner or occupant’s permission and the law is specific in where the burden lies in situations where consent is granted to search. â€Å"Government has burden of proving that search without warrant was consented to by the defendant† (Kovach v U.S., 1971). In another case the question was raised as to whether the prosecutor must also prove that the search was consented to freely and voluntarily by the property owner. â€Å"When search is grounded upon consent burden of justification of search, that is, that consent was freely and voluntarily given, falls sq uarely upon prosecution; question is one of mental awareness so that act of consent was consensual act of one who knew what he was doing and had reasonable appreciation of nature and significance ... Free Essays on The Burden Of Proof Free Essays on The Burden Of Proof Burden of proof is defined as â€Å"the level of proof which different parties are required to demonstrate to persuade a jury or judge in a civil or criminal case.† The words â€Å"burden of proof† are not specifically mentioned within the U.S. Constitution however is implied in a several amendments. The burden of proof and where it lies has been the subject of many court cases and decisions. There are plenty of questions in the area of burden such as; where does it lie in civil suits, in what cases is the prosecutor bear more of the burden and where does the defendant, and so on. Many of the research provided here is from court cases and decisions that have shaped how the burden of proof is balanced. The constitution is used to shape the decisions that were reached by these court cases. In the Fourth amendment Americans are guaranteed to â€Å"†¦ be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (U.S. Constitution). There are a number of court cases that outline the requirements for searches without a warrant. Searches without a warrant require the owner or occupant’s permission and the law is specific in where the burden lies in situations where consent is granted to search. â€Å"Government has burden of proving that search without warrant was consented to by the defendant† (Kovach v U.S., 1971). In another case the question was raised as to whether the prosecutor must also prove that the search was consented to freely and voluntarily by the property owner. â€Å"When search is grounded upon consent burden of justification of search, that is, that consent was freely and voluntarily given, falls sq uarely upon prosecution; question is one of mental awareness so that act of consent was consensual act of one who knew what he was doing and had reasonable appreciation of nature and significance ...

Feasibility study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Feasibility study - Research Paper Example The new business venture will be called Pizzeria Inn. It will be located at the northern Mexico. The new industry will, therefore, feature Dine in, Take Out and also Delivery services. Most economists and researchers agree that entrepreneurship is one of the significant ingredients for stimulating economic growth as well as offering job opportunities to the jobless members of all the societies. According to Jacksack & Start (2003), globally, successful SMEs have become the primary engines of job creation and poverty reduction in the marginalized communities. As a business entrepreneur, a business plan is the only tool which can help the small business expand. It is the road map an entrepreneur needs to follow in order to realize the set goals and objectives. It is, therefore, the initial step to a successful business venture. Any business entrepreneur should, therefore, provide a business plan which acts as a guide to the whole business process. The paper, therefore, endeavors to conduct a business plan for New Antoniou Pizzeria. The new business venture will target the middle income pizza in Sparks. Pizza inn is thought to be conveniently accessible to over 90,000 targeted market consumers in this region. This includes one of the most attractive market opportunities for this venture. The competitive analysis of the business venture has identified significant market place gaps to serve as the base for the industries competitive advantage. This business venture would help Mexican middle class residents around the beach as well as far residents who come to the beach to benefit from low priced delicious dishes which maybe could not have afforded from other huge restaurants. It would also help other entrepreneurs to venture in innovative business ventures hence gain the managerial and entrepreneurial skills needed to run such

Tracing the Emergence of the Symphony from Sammartini and Stamitz Essay

Tracing the Emergence of the Symphony from Sammartini and Stamitz through the Works of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven - Essay Example A symphony is a method of music that scales large and in its performance at orchestra. Symphony is comparable to concept of the novel in literature. Symphony emerged from the baroque period as sinfonia. In the baroque period, sinfonia referred to brief instrumental pieces that preceded larger works. In certain contexts, it would achieve full identity as an independent piece. A prominent example concerns concert grosso. However, trio sonata, concerto and sinfonia were treated as synonyms. The Italian sinfonia had the structure of fast-slow-fast while the French overture had the structure of slow-fast-slow. These overtures entailed small orchestra, short duration and easy compositions. In the eighteenth century, symphony emerged as a form that entailed performance by several instruments and independent identity. This was dominant, especially, in Italy whereby there were artists such as Giovanni Sammartini. Other early composers of the same include artists such as Johann Stamitz and Bac h. Symphony grew in prominence since the baroque period initiated a revolution whereby the popularity of secular music surged beyond gospel music. The concept of the Orchestra, as a musical form, expanded to constitute an average of twenty players. The pieces involved use of different musical families such as woodwinds, keyboard instruments and strings. Orchestral performance became a public rather than the royalties’ affair. The second half of the eighteenth century had Joseph Haydn compose 104 symphonies. They entailed experiments with forms such as six pieces. Mozart had 41 symphonies. It is vital to note that he had his first composition at eight years of age. Haydn provided the transition from the pre-classical age into mature classic symphony. His first fourteen compositions had the elements of the pre-classical period. Mozart and Haydn achieved a significant celebration as the classical symphony’s composers (Wright 162). Haydn and Mozart initiated the definition of current symphony. In the age of reason, classical symphony possessed a balance, intricate design and distinct symmetry. Examples of the same include rondo, minuet, sonata form and trio (Wright 165). The structure of the same was typical of four movements. They occurred in the pattern of fast, slow, moderately fast, and quite fast. The performance did not require the role of a conductor. The choirmaster, who would be the first violinist, performed the role of guiding the performance. The performances of Haydn and Mozart were usually short pieces that would take an average of thirty minutes. Ludwig van Beethoven played an essential role of expanding the concept of symphony (Wright 209). This expansion occurred in terms of density of sound, tempo, rhythm and dynamics. In addition, he initiated the use of additional instruments such as the piccolo, trombone and the contrabassoon (Wright 210). Describe the individual musical styles of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Support your charac terizations with musical examples. It is essential to note that Haydn and Mozart belonged to a slightly earlier age of music growth. Beethoven later sprung as a fundamental artist of the eighteenth century. However, they all belong to the classical period of music growth. To begin with, the article explores the works of Joseph Haydn. Haydn, just as Mozart, sprung from the baroque age of music. He is part of the group that established a

Comment 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Comment 3 - Assignment Example The work gives much attention to concepts that govern appropriate data collection. It can also be noticed that the author has indicated the two main types of research as either qualitative or quantitative. The supportive facts used to strengthen the viewpoint of the author in respect of using effective communication in data collection are convincing. This is in respect of the common knowledge that oral interview or questionnaires tend to be successful on sound communication skills and proper structure. Observation as a method of data collection has also been given significant focus in regard to the need for total involvement by the researcher (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). Adoption of a particular methodology on choice of method for data collection and analysis serves to estimate sample population and match the objective of the study. The flow of ideas from introduction on data collection, methodology and conclusion that tackles hypothesis sheds much light on research methods to a layman. This makes this work stand out is representative of the widely used research study

Von Neumann Architecture Essay Example for Free

Von Neumann Architecture Essay The greatest social transformation in Britain can be traced back in early 19th century. It was primarily due to the reform in life style or modernity (the introduction of machines industrialisation)which have caused a radical change on the location of work, which also became a driven force for vast number of people to move towards cities (urbanization).In contrary caused a drastic change on population size (over population )in city areas .The overall state political frame work was based on lassie fair, conservative(non-interventionist )approach where there are no or limited state intervention in redistributing resources . The economy was market wise economy system(free market).There were no social welfare amendments or services provided by the state , it was commonly considered as commodity and they were mainly provided by private sectors or volunteers (philanthropy’s ). The newly life style and overpopulation have caused massive social, political and economic problems which mandated the state to intervention in overcoming the situate (the need appeoch). The overpopulation have triggered various social disorders like shortage in housing , outbreak of new diseases, sanitation problem, poor health condition increase rate of unemployment and poverty..Etc. In the 19th century Britain was the uppermost in industry and trades (the first country to go through industrialized) and accounted as one of the richest country in the world while 30 % of the population were under poverty line (ref) the free market had aggravated great social conflict among haves and the have–not due to opposing interest and created excessive gap between social classes. However this stimulated the emergence of strong labour unions . There are two approaches on the evolution of welfare state. The need approach states diversion in life style (modernity) have caused the state to intervene and the conflict approach argues on class conflict and the growth of strong labour union as the result for the emergence of social welfare. Poor laws that were amended in 1601 and 1834 were considered to be the first measures taken by the state in order to address poverty (poor people) even though the means of poverty were not clearly understood. There were important factors which stimulated the government to contemplate poverty (welfare system) as an important issue. The Edwin Chadwick report led down the first lime stone for the formation of the first health act in 1848 also Charles booth made an outstanding study on poverty and the Courses he argues poverty should not be linked with laziness or poor people should not be blamed for their states.

Anger Management Essay -- essays research papers

Narrative Essay  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Anger Management† I hear some people say that they got so angry they lost control and didn’t know what they were doing. I often wondered what that must be like. I, being a very passive person, have never lost control when I’ve become angered. I’ve always had total awareness of my situation. In the movie â€Å"Anger Management†, Jack Nicholson so nicely stated: â€Å"Your temper is the one thing you can’t get rid of by loosing it† I’ve probably come close at times, but never gone over the edge to uncontrollable rage. I remember there was one time it came close. It happened one late Sunday afternoon. My friend Dan and I were sitting in his car patiently waiting for the next availably gas pump. It was hot, really hot! The temperature was still over the century mark. The way the sun was beating down on us reminded me of when I was a young boy using my magnifying glass on helpless crawling insects. I was dripping wet with sweat and every part of my body ached. I was so exhausted from the work we did this weekend I could hardly move. A gentleman motioned to us that he had finished and was going to leave. Dan got the pump number and went into the store to pay for the gas. As the car pulled away I began to pull Dan's car up to the pump when all of a sudden, this van come screeching around from the opposite direction, trying to get to the pump before me. I stepped on it and the driver of the van slammed on his brakes. I continued until I was j...

Leni Riefenstahl: Took advantage of events or swept along Essay

People are swept along by events. Some individuals use events to advantage. This is evident with Leni Riefenstahl as from the earliest accounts of her career it is clear that she was prepared to use others to benefit herself, although while at other times such advancements were not within her control. Historian Steven Bach argues in his book, ‘The Life and work of Leni Riefenstahl’ that Riefenstahl was obsessed with her career and moulding her image. He believes she knew more about Nazism than she would have liked people to believe. Riefenstahl was so driven to be worldly famous and recognised that she didn’t care what the cost. Through the exploitation of people and their money and the use of her beauty and charm Riefenstahl would never have been so artistically successful and innovative. Riefenstahl was willing to do whatever it takes in order to achieve success and accomplished this by exploiting people for their money. In 1923, Riefenstahl acquainted herself with a Jewish banker, Harry Sokal, who manipulated exchange rates. Sokal continually asked Riefenstahl to marry him, but she had no desire to although she acknowledged his wealth and continued the relationship. Riefenstahl used Sokal to finance her dancing career by paying for halls, advertising, and the musicians. Sokal also paid critics to sit in the audience in attempts to gain positive reviews. In order to achieve success Riefenstahl acknowledged that she needed to allow Sokal to finance her and therefore, she took advantage of Sokal when it suited her best. Sokal financed her dance career, but Riefenstahl wanted to get rid of him. Although this would not be the last time she exploits him and his money. Therefore, while Riefenstahl allowed Sokal to finance her movements she was clearly being opportunistic and used events to her advantage. Further evidence of Riefenstahl’s exploitation of people is shown with her clear intentions to succeed within the creative arts industry. After seeing the film, ‘Mountain of Destiny’, Riefenstahl sought out famous film director Arnold Fanck in attempts to establish a career as an actress. Once again financed by Sokal, she travelled to the Dolomite Mountains in order to find Dr. Fanck. Riefenstahl met one of the film’s actors, Luis Trenker, and claimed that â€Å"I’m going to be in your next picture†. Someone who is swept  along by events does not, as Riefenstahl did, plan future actions. Even though she was not in a relationship with Sokal, she further exploited him for his money in order to find Fanck and would again turn to Sokal at times when it was beneficial for advancing her career. Historian Audrey Salkeld offers a different account of events and she doesn’t mention Riefenstahl travelling to the Dolomite Mountains using Sokal’s finance. She says it was a sightseeing tour that turned out to be her â€Å"destiny†. Salkeld suggests that this was Riefenstahl being swept along; opposing the more credible argument that Riefenstahl exploited Sokal in order to find Fanck. Riefenstahl’s willing independence to seek out Fanck and exploit those around her supports her opportunism, however, Riefenstahl’s early relationship with Fanck also acknowledges Salkeld’s claims of being swept along by events. Riefenstahl was not hesitant to exploit tennis pro, Gunther Rahn, who was â€Å"hopelessly in love† with her. She used him to her advantage in arranging the meeting with Fanck that would launch her into the film industry. Fanck instantly admired Riefenstahl’s beauty and, according to Riefenstahl, just three days later he visited her in hospital with a script titled ‘The Holy Mountain, written for the dancer, Leni Riefenstahl’. Once again, Riefenstahl used Sokal to finance the film. Although in Riefenstahl’s defence, Salkald suggests the degree of Fanck’s fascination with her was not within her control. He considered himself her â€Å"Pygmalion† or sculptor, who hoped to make her the â€Å"most famous woman in Germany†. Without Fanck’s dedication to Riefenstahl she would never have been successful in her acting career and would not have learnt how to direct films, thus never being projected to Hitler’s attention. Therefore, in this way Riefenstahl was swept along by events. Some historical perspectives of Riefenstahl, concerning her first project as director on The Blue Light, present her as an opportunist. Riefenstahl exploited scriptwriter Bela Balacs, Fanck as editor and once again Sokal for finance. In order to ensure all creative control was with her, Riefenstahl created Leni-Riefenstahl-Studio-Film GmbH. By making the film through this new company Riefenstahl was ensured all copyrights and credit. Then, while admitting she could not pay him Riefenstahl sought the work from film  theorist Bela Balacs to write the script. Balacs was not resistant to her feminie charm and beauty, which Riefenstahl was never hesitant to use to achieve her goals. When Balacs threatened to sue her over debts, Riefenstahl referred the case to anti-Semitic Julius Streicher. Her letter to the district administrator transferred â€Å"power of attorney in the matter of the claims of the Jew Bela Balacs.† (Bach) This shows that Riefenstahl was opportunistic by playing on the fact that Balacs was Jewish and ensured she would never have to pay him. Therefore, Riefenstahl exploited whomever she could for her own personal gain. Riefenstahl’s willing attendance at a Hitler rally supports her opportunism, discrediting claims that she was swept along by events. At the rally she found Hitler intriguing, describing the experience â€Å"like being struck by lightning† (Bach). While Riefenstahl claimed she â€Å"rejected his racial ideas† she wrote to Hitler just days before an important press event on her film ‘S.O.S Iceberg’. Riefenstahl agreed to meet with Hitler on May 22 at Wilhelmshaven. This excitement to meet with Hitler supports the idea that she saw within the Nazis an opportunity, whether it was based on anti-Semitic ideals or purely artistic. Riefenstahl says that during the meeting Hitler announced â€Å"once we come to power you must make my films.† Riefenstahl claims to have denied the request, but it is unlikely as she fought and seduced to get the film role. Salkeld says that Riefenstahl was being an opportunist as this stage, commenting â€Å"she had the ability to create opportunities for herself, to fashion her own destiny†. Therefore, Riefenstahl was caught up in the exhilaration of the Nazi movement, however, exploited the momentum to establish her position within the Nazi movement for the time when Hitler would take power. Riefenstahl’s self-interested motives continue to be exposed during her direction of the award winning Triumph of the Will. From Riefenstahl’s first meeting with Hitler in 1932, she claimed she could not make his films because she needed â€Å"a very personal relationship with the subject matter. Otherwise she couldn’t be creative†. (Bach) Riefenstahl’s direction of Triumph of the Will would suggest that she did have that â€Å"personal relationship with the subject† which is supported by historian Susan Sontag,  arguing that â€Å"Riefenstahl was glorying Nazism not only from direction of her superiors but from her own personal fondness for the party and their ideals.† This explains why Riefenstahl acted so opportunistically to accept the project months in advance. Walter Traut, production manager on Triumph of the Will, also supports this idea in stating â€Å"Leni Riefenstahl was not ordered†¦ She asked to do this picture.â €  (Bach) Therefore, Riefenstahl used events for her own benefit. Riefenstahl exploited both Hitler and Goebbels in order to receive the huge budgets she demanded which is presented through her film of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, Olympia, where she negotiated with Goebbels and the Propaganda Ministry to secure 1.5 million reichsmarks. Due to her bad book keeping and unnecessary expenditure she spent all of the money before production of the film had concluded. In attempts to secure more money, Riefenstahl exploited her ability to go directly to Hitler himself. She â€Å"wept unrestrainedly† to persuade him to give her an additional half a million reichsmarks. Therefore, this shows her using events for her own benefit by exploiting others around her, including the Fuhrer himself. Varying historians’ perspectives present Leni Riefenstahl in many ways. While many regard Riefenstahl a Nazi propagandist, an opportunist, others see Riefenstahl as a female pioneer, responsible for incredible cinematic innovation. Within her life there are many occasions where Riefenstahl showed opportunism in order to advance herself, while at other times such advancements were not within her control.

Phonetics and Phonology

REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR INSTITUTO PEDAGOGICO DE CARACAS CATEDRA DE FONETICA Y FONOLOGIA ASIGNATURA: FONETICA Y FONOLOGIA II AN ANALYSIS OF A SPEECH SAMPLE IN WHICH UNDERLIE A VARIETY OF ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS Authors: Aymara Villasmil Daniel Rodriguez CARACAS, FEBRERO DE 2011 INTRODUCTION Throughout the years, a variety of famous linguists have made an attempt to define the difficult question of what language is. For instance, Halliday (1973) affirms that language is an instrument of communication among members of a social group.In relation to this, Gimson (1962) states that a language is a system of conventional signals used for a communication by a whole community. On the other hand, Whitman (1975) when trying to describe the concept of language establishes a particular connection between the use of language and the mental processes speaker experiences. He states that language, far from being independent of the mind, was so in extricably tied to the mind that the study of language was virtually the study of human mind.These different assumptions of what language is impel us, as future EFL teachers, to recognize the enormous responsibility teaching English as a foreign language involves. Due to the fact that we will necessarily have to handle several definitions of what language is and its components (syntax, grammar, phonetics and phonology, semantics,†¦) in order to help students realize the variety of elements they use when communicating with others.For instance, when teaching our students a language level such as phonetics and phonology, which primary involves pronunciation we have to make them aware that it is not only a matter of pronouncing sounds in isolation, but that these sounds are part of a communicative system the use in daily life. In relation to this, Strickland ( U. D ) states that learning a language, whether it is the mother tongue or a foreign one, is learning a system of sounds an d their arrangements in words and patterns of organization together with the concepts the words and patterns represent.The following written work has as a primary proposal, the analysis of a speech sample recorded from a beginner speaker of English language who read a four – paragraph newspaper article in which the following vocalic sounds were immersed: mid – low back /? /, low front /? / , mid -high back / /, mid – high front /? / . Through the record we will be analyzing the substitution the speaker made or not of any of the four vocalic sounds mentioned before.We will be explaining why the speaker made that substitution, which factors influenced in the substitution and finally, we will be giving a variety of suggestions / recommendations for the appropriated production of vowel sounds of English and the rest of the inventory sounds. General Objective ? To explain the transference the speaker makes when pronouncing the English vowels which do not belong / exi st to Spanish inventory sounds. Specific Objectives ? To demonstrate the articulatory features that influence the speaker when pronouncing English vowel sounds. To establish different factors that affect the Speaker when pronouncing English vowels. ? To provide students accurate and useful pronunciation techniques that will make them improve their pronunciation of English. ONE of the few surprises at the Golden Globes two weeks ago — you’ll be forgiven if you’ve already forgotten about that odd little broadcast — was the award given to â€Å"Carlos,† the French director Olivier Assayas’s five-hour-plus reconstruction of the life and career of the notorious terrorist of the 1970s and ’80s Carlos the Jackal.The award represented a high point of cosmopolitanism at a predictably parochial event: 11 languages spoken on screen; dozens of locations across Europe and the Middle East; a polyglot cast led by a Venezuelan star, Edgar Ramirez, wh o has the potential to become an international sex symbol. What more could you want from a foreign film? /w? n ? v fju s? rprajz? z ? t gold? n globz tu wiks ? go ju ll bi f? rg? v? n ? f ju vealready f? rg? t? n ? bawt t ? d l? t? l br? dk? st w? z ?w? rd g? v? n tu k? rlos, fr? nt? d? r? kt? r ol? vie assayas sfive- aw? r- pl? s rik? nstr? k n ? lajf ? nd k? r? r ? v not? ri? s t? r? r? st ? v 1970s ? nd 80s k? rlos d k? l. ?w? rd r? pr? z? nt? d ? haj p? jnt ? v cosmopolitanism ? t ? pr? d? kt? bli p? roki? l ? v? nt: 11 l gw? d z spok? n ? n skrin; d? z? nz ? v loke nz ? kr? s j? r? p ? nd m? d? l ist; ? p? liglat k? st l? d baj ? v? n? zwel? n st? r, dgar r? m, rezwho h? z p? t? n l tu b? k? m ? n ? nt? rn n? l s? ks s? mb? l. w? t m? r k? d ju w? nt fr? m ? f? r? n f? lm/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? / | | | | |/? f/ | | |Substitution of the mid-high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/ t/ | | | | |/l? t? l/ | | | | |/br? k? st/ | | |Back closing diphthong /ou/ instead of | | | | |the mid low back /? / in the first | | | | |syllable. | |/br? dk? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/g? v? n/ | | | | |/ol? vie/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/k? r? r/ | | | | |/t? r? r? st/ | | |Substitution of the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/sev? nt? / | | |Deletion of the mid-high back vowel. |/? nd/ | | | | |/e? t? / | | |Deletion of the mid-high back vowel. | |/d k? l/ | | | | |/? t/ | | | | | | | | | |/pr? ? kt? b? l/ | | |Substitution o the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the mid front in the | | | | |first syllable and substitution of Mid-| | | | |high front vowel /I/ for the Spanish | | | | |/i/ in the second syllable. |/? v? nt | | | | |/l gw? d z/ | | |Substitut ion of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central /? / in the first | | | | |syllable. | |/? kr? s/ | | |Substitution of the mid-low back /? , | | | | |for the Spanish /o/ | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? / in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/m? d? / | | |Substitution of the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/k? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the Mid-low back /? / | |/r? mirez/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? | | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/h? z/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the Mid-low back /? / | |/b? k? m/ | | | | |/? n/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? | | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/? nt? rn n? l/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/? nt? rn n? l/ | | | | |/s? mb? l/ | | | | |/k? / | | | | |/f? lm/ | | | | Except that â€Å"Carlos† was not n ominated for the Golden Globe in that category (the winner was â€Å"In a Better World,† from Denmark): it was made for, and first shown on, French television, a fact that also rendered it ineligible for consideration — as a foreign-language or any other kind of film — by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which announced its nominees last Tuesday.Mr. Assayas’s dark-horse victory at the Globes was for best miniseries or motion picture made for television. Fair enough, given its origins. Then again, â€Å"Carlos† has encountered its American audience in the way more and more foreign films do these days: on a handful of movie screens in big cities, and on cable and video-on-demand. So its exclusion from the Oscars seems somewhat arbitrary. /? ks? pt t k? rlos w? z n? t n? m? net? d f? r gold? n glob ? n t k? t? g? ri ( w? n? r w? z ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, fr? m d? nm? rk): ? t w? z med f? r, ? nd f? rst ? on ? n, fr? nt? t? l? v n, ? f? kt t ? so r? nd? rd ? t ? n? l? d b? l f? r k? ns? d? re n ? z ? f? r? n- l gw? d? ?r ? ni r kajnd ? v f? lm baj ?k? d? mi ? v mo n p? kt r ? rts ? nd saj? ns? z, w? t? ?nawnst ? ts n? m? niz l? st tuzdi. m? st? r. assayas sdark- h? rs v? kt? ri ? t globz w? z f? r b? st m? nisiriz ? r mo n p? kt r med f? r t? l? v n. f? r ? n? f, g? v? n ? ts ? r? d nz. n ? g? n, k? rlos h? z ? nkawnt? rd ? ts ? m? r? k? n ? di? ns ? n we m? r ? nd m? r f? r? n f? lmz du ? iz dez: ? n ? h? ndf? l ? v muvi skrinz ? n b? g s? tiz, ? nd ? n keb? l ? nd v? dio- ? n- d? m? nd. so ? ts ? ksklu n fr? m sk? rz simz s? mw? t ? rb? tr? ri/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? ks? pt/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the mid front /e/ | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? | |/? n/ | | | | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/k? t? g? ri/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? | |/w? n? r/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? n/ | | | | |/? t/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/t? l? v n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/f? kt/ | | | | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/? t/ | | | | |/? n? l? d b? l/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ in the second | | | | |syllable. | |/k? ns? d? re / | | | | |/? z/ | | | | |/l gw? d? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the mid-front /e/ | |/en? / | | | | |/f? m/ | | | | |/? k? d? mi/ | | | | |/p? kt r/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/w? t? / | | | | |/? s/ | | | | |/l? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? / | |/m? st? r/ | | | | |/v? kt? ri/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/m? st? r? z/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/p? kt / | | | | |/t? l? v n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/g? v? n/ | | | | |/? ts/ | | | | |/? ? d nz/ | | |Substitution of schwa /? / for the highest | | | | |front vowel /i/ in the second syllable, | | | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ in the third | | | | |syllable. | |/h? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/? ts/ | | | | |/? n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? d/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/f? lmz/ | | | | |/h? ndf? l/ | | | | |/ h? ndf? l/ | | | | |/? / | | | | |/b? g/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/s? tiz/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? d/ | | | | |/v? dio/ | | | | |/d? m? nd/ | | | | |/d? m? nd/ | | | | |? s | | | | |? ksklu n | | | | |? sk? rz | | |Substitution of the mid low back /? /, for | | | | |the Spanish /o/ |But so does everything else about the way the Academy deals with movies from the rest of the world. An elaborate and mysterious winnowing process pares down the thousands of potential nominees to five. This year they are â€Å"Dogtooth† from Greece, â€Å"Incendies† from Canada, â€Å"Biutiful† from Mexico, â€Å"Outside the Law† from Algeria and â€Å"In a Better World,† which might be considered the front-runner if you take the Globes as an omen. /b? t so d? z ? vri ?ls ? bawt we ?k? d? mi dilz w muviz fr? m r? st ? v w? rld. ?n ? l? br? t ? nd m? st? ri? w? no pr? s? s p? rz dawn ?awz? ndz ? v p? t? n l n? m? niz tu fajv. s j? r ? e ? r dogtooth fr? m gris, incendies fr? m k? n? d? , biutiful fr? m m? ks? ko, awtsajd l? fr? m ? ld ri? ?nd ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, w? t? majt bi k? ns? d? rd fr? nt- r? n? r ? f ju tek globz ? z ? n om? n/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? vri / | | | | |/? k? d? i/ | | | | |/w / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/? l? br? t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/m? st? r? z/ | | |Substitution of mid high front /I/ for the | | | | |mid-front /e/ in the second syllable. | |/w? no | | | | |/ s/ | | |Replacement of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/j? r/ | | | | |/k? n? d? / | | |The speaker did not produce de vowel sound. |/? ld ri? / | | |Substitution of mid high front /I/ for the | | | | |mid-front /e/ in the second syllable. | |/? ld ri? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? / in the first syllable | |/? n/ | | | | |/w? ? / | | | | |/k? ns? d? rd/ | | | | |/? f/ | | | | |/? z/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? | |/? n/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | â€Å"Dogtooth† came and went on a few American screens last spring, and â€Å"Outside the Law† had a brief run in December (and may return shortly); only â€Å"Biutiful,† whose globally famous star, Javier Bardem, was nominated for best actor, is likely to be playing now at a theater near you.The others will be released in the late winter or early spring, in the hopes of realizing some kind of box office bounce. The usual pre-nomination handicapping — the canvassing of critical opinion and the weighing of popular sentiment — does not apply to these movies, which might in principle make the choices less compromised, but in practice only serves to make them more confusing. dogtooth kem ? nd w? nt ? n ? fju ? m? r? k? n skrinz l? st spr , ? nd awtsajd l? h? d ? brif r? n ? n d? s? mb? r ( ? nd me r? t? rn rtli); onli biutiful, huz glob? i fem? s st? r, h? vi? r bardem, w? z n? m? net? d f? r b? st ? kt? r, ? z lajkli tu bi ple naw ? t ? ?i? t? r n? r ju. rz w? l bi rilist ? n let w? nt? r ? r ? rli spr , ? n hops ? v ril? jz s? m kajnd ? v b? ks ? f? s bawns. ju w? l pri- n? m? ne n h? ndik? p k? nv? s ?v kr? t? k? l ? p? nj? n ? nd we ?v p? pj? l? r s? nt? m? nt d? z n? t ? plaj tu ? iz muviz, w? t? majt ? n pr? ns? p? l mek t js? z l? s k? mpr? m? jzd, b? t ? n pr? kt? s onli s? rvz tu mek m m? r k? nfjuz / Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel| | | | |/? / for the central Schwa /? / | |/l? st/ | | |Substitution o f the low front vowel| | | | |/? for the low-back. | |/spr / | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/h? d/ | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/? d/ | | | | |/? kt? r/ | | | | |/? z/ | | | | |/ple / | | | | |/? t/ | | | | |/n? / | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the central diphthong| | | | |/I? / | |/w? l/ | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/? / | | | | |/w? nt? r/ | | | | |/spr / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/ril? jz / | | | | |/? ? s/ | | |Substitution of the mid low back | | | | |/? /, for the Spanish /o/ | |/h? ndik? p / | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/h? ndik? p | | | | |/k? nv? s / | | | | |/k? nv? s / | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/kr? t? k? l/ | | | | |/? p? j? n/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/we / | | | | |/w? t? / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/pr? s? p? l/ | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/pr? kt? s/ | | | | |/k? nfjuz / | | | | METHODOLOGYAn IPC s tudent from the Second semester was selected for the recording of the speech sample which was one of the main concerns of this investigation. The recording was made on February 9th in a classroom of the IPC. The electronic device used was a low quality cell phone whose recording application allowed us to record the student’s speech and then, through USB connection, transferred the audio to the PC and copied the data in a CD-ROM. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS †¢ CHART N? 1 Production of the vowel sound mid – low back /? / in a text read by a student of the second semester at the IPC. | |Pronunciation | | |Sound | | | | | |Substitution | | |Well – Pronounced | | | | | |Mispronounced | | | | | |Substitution of the mid | |/? |0 |4 |low back /? /, for the | | |0% |100 % |Spanish /o/ in most of | | | | |the cases. | †¢ For the vowel sound low front /? / (fifty – three times). †¢ For the vowel sound mid -high back /? / (two – times). †¢ Fo r the vowel sound mid – high front /? / (eighty – two times). †¢ For the vowel sound mid-low back /? / ( four times) Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |2 |0 | | |/? / |100% |0% |None | |Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |57 |24 | | |/? |70% |30% |In most of the cases, | | | | |replacement of the mid high | | | | |front /I/ for the highest | | | | |front /i/ | Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |22 |31 | | |/? / |42% |58% |In most of the cases, | | | | |Substitution of the low front| | | | |vowel /? for the central | | | | |Schwa /? / | 1- The speaker’s most troublesome sound was the mid – low back vowel of English /? /, although its incidence in the whole article was very low, only four times. Nevertheless, the student substituted the English sound /? / whose lip- position is similar to the one of Spanish / o /, that is, slightly rounded. 2- After the mid-low back vowel, the most troublesome sound was the low front vowel /? /, due to the f act that the speaker substituted this sound /? / in most of the cases for schwa /? or Mid-low back /? /, in which the lips are slightly spread and the vowels for the substitution are lax (/? /) and tense (/? /) respectively. Some aspects that may cause trouble for the speaker is the word spelling, because sometimes they tend to get confused or doubtful when pronouncing a word, in the moment they see a difficult or uncommon spelling. RECOMMENDATIONS In order to facilitate our labor as future English teachers and to encourage our students to learn the language while developing effective skills, being speaking our main concern, the researchers selected a series of educational techniques: ? ReadingsAs future EFL teachers we have to expose our students to English language through â€Å"readings† in which students will find a visual stage (graphemes) and an auditory one (phonemes). Students will read aloud pieces of writings made by them or any selected reading material made by the teacher such as, short stories A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, To Build a fire by Jack London, or any play such as: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Students will read or hear structures like: pot – stop, tip – sleep, car – bad and the will also be aware of the likenesses or differences among vocalic sounds immersed in the readings. Dictation EFL teachers must develop listening skill, so as a speaking one, in their students and this can be done through the appropriate use of dictation as a useful and realistic technique that will allow students to receive a phonic background and then to analyze the spelling data involved, that is, graphemes. The most important part of this method is that students will be able to create the pieces of writings that will be read by the teacher or among the classmates and whose content will be according to their interests and experiences, so student? creative expression will also be taken into account as essential par t of the learning process. ? Poetry According to Stuckland (1962) students like poetry first for its singing quality, for its rhyme, rhythm and all that goes into the melody of verse. That is, the enjoyable environment poetry creates when students interpret its content. Suggested poems will be: Hickory, Dickory, Dock by William Wallace Denslow in whose content are presented a variety of vowel sounds. CONCLUSIONSIn order to make our students aware of the different vowels in English, we as English teachers, have to clarify and exemplify several exercises for them, to make a distinction in pronunciation patterns of the sounds they can find more troublesome in English. We can write similar words in the board and provide a distinction of sounds to differentiate them, so students could see the pronunciation if we would practice with them the distinction and very essential, the spelling patterns for the English vowel productions and examples with these.Furthermore, if we teach these spelli ng patterns criteria and we practice the pronunciation of these difficult vowels for our students, they will assimilate and acquire a better understanding, specifically if we focus our attention on these vowels /? / and /? /. As another useful activity, we can encourage our students to produce the different vowels of English by different techniques, and be aware of common mistakes in the utterance of the mid-low back and /? / and the low front /? /.Regarding this, we can explain our students different techniques to practice in the classroom, such as reading activities, dictations, spelling patterns, pronunciation differences and others. Finally, we as EFL teachers have to be more sensible while listening to our student? s vowel production and when they find it difficult to make a distinction between the vowel systems of English and Spanish, and we can provide them with a comparison and contrast pattern, in order to provide them with the comprehension and accurate distinction between these systems, making their pronunciation more accurate. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCESSAPIR, EDWARD  (1921)  Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. Harcourt Brace and Company, Orlando, Florida. STRICKLAND, RUTH (1969) The language arts. D. C Health and Company. Lexington, Massachusetts. A. C,GIMSON (1962) An introduction to the pronunciation of English. Reader in Phonetics, University College, London. A. C,GIMSON (1975) A practical Course of English Pronunciation, a perceptual approach. Edward Arnold Publishers, 25 Hill Street, London. ———————– Professor: Viktor Carrasquero Hickory, dickory, dock The mouse ran up the clock The clock struck one, The mouse ran down, Hickory, dickory, dock